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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' understanding of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they had access to were crucial. RIs from TS & ZL for instance were able to cite their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see the example 2). This article reviews all local practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or evaluation. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a benefit. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech. Recent research used a DCT as tool to evaluate the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also recommended using other methods for data collection. DCTs can be developed using specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They are not necessarily correct, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue requires further research on different methods of assessing refusal competence. In a recent study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It employed various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment. First, the MQ data were analysed to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. 무료 프라그마틱 coding results are then contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior. Interviews for refusal A key question of pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study sought to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their answers. They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their actions to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing lives. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and affordances. They described, for example how their relationships with their professors allowed them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could be subject to if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as “foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This is similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). 프라그마틱 이미지 suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. Furthermore this will allow educators to create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. It is a method that makes use of various sources of information to support the findings, including interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of research can be used to analyze complicated or unique topics that are difficult for other methods of measuring. In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which can be omitted. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the subject and place the case study within a wider theoretical framework. This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). 프라그마틱 체험 of this experiment showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, thereby ignoring accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers. The participants of this study were L2 Korean students who had attained level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and were hoping to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she thought native Koreans would.